When query, schema and index optimizations aren’t enough to support the load of a high throughput database system, fundamental changes in how data flows through that system are often necessary.
Developing using pull requests and feature branches, even when those are short lived, is easier for individual contributors but overall a suboptimal strategy for a team.
Technical debt is hard to quantify. You are unable to objectively measure how it weighs against your productivity. It's also very difficult to accurately predict the budget needed to pay down debt in an area of the code base when it's feeling overwhelming.